小子样条件下弹头落点CEP计算方法

针对目前武器射击试验中弹头落点子样小 ,评估其CEP难的特点 ,提出一种简明实用的计算方法 ,由仿真计算表明 ,它比GJB5 2 6A— 98的点估计较优 ,此方法可在工程上予以应用     

远程导引变轨故障后轨道重构设计与分析

研究了空间交会远程导引变轨故障后轨道重构问题,提出了轨道重构设计准则,对五冲量远程导引的每一次变轨故障分别给出了四类轨道重构方案.根据提出的设计准则对给出轨道重构方案的修正能力、测控条件、推进剂消耗、终端精度和安全性进行初步分析,确定了处理远程导引变轨故障的轨道预案.     

An investigation on anti-impact and penetration performance of basalt fiber composites with different weave and lay-up modes

The woven basalt fiber composites (WBFC) and the unidirectional [0°/90°/45°/-45°]_s basalt fiber composites (UBFC) were prepared by hot-pressing. Three-point bending test, low velocity impact test, and ballistic test were performed to the prepared composites. After the tests, the specimens were recovered and analyzed for micromorphology. Three-point bending tests show that both the bending strength and stiffness of the WBFC surpass those of the UBFC. Low velocity impact test results show that the low velocity impact resistance to hemispherical impactor of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC, but the low velocity impact resistance to sharp impactor of the UBFC is lower than that of the WBFC. For the ballistic test, it can be found that the ballistic property of the UBFC is higher than that of the WBFC. After the tests, microscopic analysis of the specimens was applied, and their failure mechanism was discussed. The main failure modes of the UBFC are delamination and fibers breakage under the above loading conditions while the main failure mode of the WBFC is fibers breakage. Although delamination damage can be found in the WBFC under the above loading conditions, the degree of delamination is far less than that of the UBFC.     

Modern liberal wars,illiberal allies,and peace as the failure of policy

ABSTRACT

The post-Cold War period nearly up to the present has been characterised as the age of liberal wars, yet key facets of the liberal guidance of war remain under appreciated. This article seeks to address this wider gap with regard to the particular concern of war termination and the fulfilment or failure of policy. First, it develops characterisations of liberal wars based on the existing literature, identifying three broad types through consideration of context—defensive versus offensive—and of political and strategic agency, particularly regarding the motives for and intents of action. Three types of liberal wars result: defensive liberal wars, offensive liberal wars with humanitarian motive and geopolitical intent, and offensive liberal wars with geopolitical motive and humanitarian intent. The article then presents one exemplary case for each liberal war with an emphasis on how liberal strategy required an illiberal ally and that ally's effect on the subsequent peace.     

磨损身管下的杆式穿甲弹强度失效计算机模拟

针对某型105 mm钨合金超速脱壳穿甲弹在射击试验时出现的弹体强度失效现象,使用有限元分析软件对其强度进行了分析计算。计算分两种工况：正常状态下的弹体应力应变分布和磨损身管条件下的弹体应力应变分布。根据计算结果,证实了弹体强度失效是由于火炮身管过度磨损的原因所致。     

Analysis of the stress wave and rarefaction wave produced by hypervelocity impact of sphere onto thin plate

Shock wave is emitted into the plate and sphere when a sphere hypervelocity impacts onto a thin plate. The fragmentation and phase change of the material caused by the propagation and unloading of shock wave could result in the formation of debris cloud eventually. Propagation models are deduced based on one-dimensional shock wave theory and the geometry of sphere, which uses elliptic equations (corresponding to ellipsoid equations in physical space) to describe the propagation of shock wave and the rarefaction wave. The “Effective thickness” is defined as the critical plate thickness that ensures the rarefaction wave overtake the shock wave at the back of the sphere. The “Effective thickness” is directly related to the form of the debris cloud. The relation of the “Effective thickness” and the “Optimum thickness” is also discussed. The impacts of Al spheres onto Al plates are simulated within SPH to verify the propagation models and associated theories. The results show that the wave fronts predicted by the propagation models are closer to the simulation result at higher impact velocity. The curvatures of the wave fronts decrease with the increase of impact velocities. The predicted “Effective thickness” is consistent with the simulation results. The analysis about the shock wave propagation and unloading in this paper can provide a new sight and inspiration for the quantitative study of hypervelocity impact and space debris protection.     

控制速度方向的弹道修正导引方法

由于制导炮弹由身管武器发射,其飞行控制能力和导引信息量有限,故基于预测落点位置偏差量来修正速度方向并在控制时间内连续分配导引指令的思想提出一种新的三维末制导方法。根据非线性弹道方程组的级数解预测弹丸落点位置,得到落点与目标的偏差,并提出两种通过此偏差解算当前速度方向修正量的方法。取剩余飞行时间为修正时间,通过将速度方向修正量分配到整个剩余导引段建立加速度修正公式,从而减小导引指令饱和的可能性。通过连续地预测落点和分配加速度指令来实时地导引飞行。仿真结果表明:该导引方法简单可行,精度高,对控制能力要求较低,且具备较好的制导效果和毁伤效果,可为该体制制导炮弹的应用提供参考依据。     

B4C/Al复合板中应力波行为分析（Ⅰ）

依据7.62mm穿甲燃烧弹与B4C,Al板的物理和力学特性,提出弹、板的力学模型;在此基础上,给出弹板碰撞后B4C/Al复合板的弹性动力学方程,建立应力波的传播模型,讨论了应力波传播时复合板的力学行为,最后确定了复合板承受的初始冲击应力。理论分析表明：一维应变条件的B4C和Al板的弹性极限高于一维应力条件下的值;弹、板间的作用力服从指数衰减规律;B4C板的初始应力高于430MPa时,应力波的作用使Al板在卸载过程中发生反向屈服。     

Development of cost effective personnel armour through structural hybridization

The objective of the present study is to develop cost effective thermoplastic hybrid laminate using Dyneema® HB50 and Tensylon®HSBD 30A through structural hybridization method. Laminates having 20 mm thickness were fabricated and subjected to 7.62 × 39 mm mild steel core projectile with an impact velocity of 730 ± 10 ms⁻¹. Parameters such as energy absorption, back face deformation and rate of back face deformation were measured as a function of hybridization ratio. It was observed that hybrid laminate with 50:50 ratio (w/w) of Tensylon® and Dyneema® with Tensylon® as front face showed 200% more energy absorption when compared to 100% Tensylon® laminate and showed equal energy absorption as that of expensive 100% Dyneema® laminate. Moreover, hybrid laminate with TD50:50 ratio showed 40% lower in terms of final back face deformation than Dyneema® laminate. Rate of back face deformation was also found to be slow for hybrid laminate as compared to Dyneema® laminate. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that, Tensylon® laminate has got higher stiffness and lower damping factor than Dyneema® and hybrid laminates. The interface between Tensylon® and Dyneema® layers was found to be separating during the penetration process due to the poor interfacial bonding. Failure behaviour of laminates for different hybridization ratios were studied by sectioning the impacted laminates. It was observed that, the Tensylon® laminate has undergone shear cutting of fibers as major failure mode whereas the hybrid laminate showed shear cutting followed by tensile stretching, fiber pull out and delamination. These inputs are highly useful for body armour applications to design cost effective armour with enhanced performance.     

Some new results on the preservation of the NBUE and NWUE aging classes under the formation of coherent systems

We consider the classical problem of whether certain classes of lifetime distributions are preserved under the formation of coherent systems. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) component lifetimes, we consider the NBUE (new better than used in expectation) and NWUE (new worse than used in expectation) classes. First, a necessary condition for a coherent system to preserve the NBUE class is given. Sufficient conditions are then obtained for systems satisfying this necessary condition. The sufficient conditions are satisfied for a collection of systems which includes all parallel systems, but the collection is shown to be strictly larger. We also prove that no coherent system preserves the NWUE class. As byproducts of our study, we obtain the following results for the case of i.i.d. component lifetimes: (a) the DFR (decreasing failure rate) class is preserved by no coherent systems other than series systems, and (b) the IMRL (increasing mean residual life) class is not preserved by any coherent systems. Generalizations to the case of dependent component lifetimes are briefly discussed.